Tm,Ho:YLF waveguide lasers at 2.05†µm.

In this work, we report on the first, to our knowledge, 2.05-µm laser based on femtosecond-laser direct written (FsLDW) Tm,Ho:YLF cladding waveguides. A channel waveguide with a 90-µm diameter "fiber-like" low-index cladding is fabricated in a 6 at. % Tm3+, 0.4 at. % Ho3+:LiYF4 crystal by FsLDW. Pumped by Ti:sapphire laser at 795.1 nm, the fabricated waveguide supports efficient lasing oscillation at 2050 nm with a maximum output power of 47.5 mW, a minimum lasing threshold of 181 mW, and a slope efficiency of 20.1%. The impacts of cavity conditions and polarizations of the pump light on the obtained lasing performance are well studied. The experimental results obtained in this study demonstrate the great potential of utilizing Tm,Ho:YLF and FsLDW for the development of durable mid-infrared lasers featuring compact designs.

Nd:YSAG waveguide-grating vortex laser: design and implementation.

In this work, we fabricate a hybrid waveguide-grating vortex laser in Nd:YSAG by using femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). The detailed parameters of the hybrid structure are fixed by optical simulation. In experiments, an efficient vortex beam is produced in the passive operation at 1064 nm. Under optical pumping at 808 nm, a dual-wavelength waveguide laser at 1060/1062 nm as well as a waveguide-grating vortex laser at 1060 nm are obtained. The laser performance and diffraction properties of the generated vortex laser are detailed, studied, and discussed, providing meaningful reference results toward the practical applications of FsLDW and waveguide-grating structures in integrated photonics.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Sakata Eating Behavior Scale short form and preliminary analysis of the factors related to the score of the scale.

Background: The obesity rate in the Chinese population is increasing and there is a lack of short and reliable scales for measuring obesity-related eating behavior in China. The EBS-SF (Sakata Eating Behavior Scale short form) has only 7 entries and has shown good reliability in studies such as those in Japan. Objective: To translate the EBS-SF into Chinese, check its reliability, validity and explore the related factors. Method: The EBS-SF was translated into Chinese. 3,440 residents were investigated and 34 respondents were retested. Item analysis and reliability and validity tests were carried out. Personality characteristics, family health status and depression were investigated using the BFI-10, FHS-SF and PHQ-9 to investigate the factors associated with EBS-SF. The t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation was used to explore the related factors of its scores. Result: Among 3,440 residents, 1,748 (50.81%) were male and 1,692 (49.19%) were female; 1,373 (39.91%) were aged 36-50 years. All 7 items were qualified in the item analysis. As for reliability, the Cronbach's α was 0.870, the split-half reliability was 0.830, the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.868. As for the structural validity, the standardized factor loadings were above 0.50, χ2 / df = 2.081,GFI = 0.999; NFI = 0.999; RFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.018, all qualified. The characteristics, personality, family health and depression were correlated with the score of the Chinese version of EBS short form. Conclusion: The structural validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the EBS-SF are good and it can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate the eating behavior of Chinese. The scores of the EBS-SF may be related to the sociological characteristics, personality, family health, and depression status.